The following is a general overview, and I should not be considered an 'expert'!
What is 3D Printing?
This is a process where a 3 Dimensional object is created by a machine, from an electronic 3d model on a computer. Most 3d printers use one plastic or another as their media, but some can use metal. A few large scale printers have been developed which 'print' with concrete and build entire buildings!
What types of 3D Printer are there?
There are several types of printer available, but the majority that people use in the model railway 'scene' are either 'Fused Deposition Modeling' (FDM) or 'Stereolithography Apparatus' (SLA).
FDM printers use a solid media (usually a thermoplastic), which is heated and pushed through a nozzle capable of moving in at least 3 directions (eg. up & down, side to side and forward & back)
SLA printers use a liquid resin which hardens when exposed to Ultra Violet light. A UV light source is shone through an LCD screen to create the shapes required.
How do 3D Printers build physical objects?
FDM & SLA printers work by building the model one layer, or slice, at a time. A program called a 'Slicer' is used to break down the 3D Model into 2D slices of a known thickness (depending on the type of printer and its capabilities), which is then sent to the printer. The printer will build the model, slice by slice until the model is complete.
Which 3d Printer is best for me?
This is a massive subject, and something I can't specifically answer however you should consider the following :-
- What you want to print
- Your Budget
- Your Workspace
- Your Available time
FDM printers typically :-
- Can print larger models in one go
- Can print models in different colours
- Are simpler to set up and use
- Have less 'post print' work to complete a model
- have fewer health concerns
- Can print much higher detail
- Can print smaller models
- Require protective equipment (gloves, eye protection etc)
- Need more post-print work (Washing & Curing)
- Require more consideration to the working environment
Are 3D printers dangerous in any way?
When used in accordance with the manufacturers instructions, and following the safety guidelines, 3D printers are not dangerous... however, There are risks associated with the common printer types :-
FDM printers use at least one electronic heater to melt solid plastic into liquid. Typically these heaters run anywhere between 175Deg C to 250Deg C depending on the material being printed. This means that there is a small risk of fire, from malfunction or carelessness. Make sure you understand the capabilities of your printer and ensure that all the safety features are enabled and working properly. Ensure a fire alarm is nearby, the printer is not left completely unattended during use and consider the space you wish to use the printer in, to reduce the risks. If buying a second hand printer, make 100% sure it has 'Thermal Runaway' protection, at the very least.
SLA printers use a resin which will cause burns if in contact with skin and UV light. Additionally resins have varying amounts of compounds which can evaporate into potentially harmful fumes. (I say potentially, as the effects of exposure to these fumes aren't well researched yet and there is a large amount of debate on the internet on the subject). Always wear gloves, eye protection and consider a respirator/mask when working with resin. Additionally, ensure that the working area is well ventilated, and kept away from children and animals as much as possible.
Disclaimer - Use at your own risk, and fully research the relevant matters on your own. The Forum, Owner, Moderators and members cannot be held responsible for any injury or damage howsoever caused in relation to 3D Printing.